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|^ou/ to Dress 

f\Y)d peed It. 

BY ALMA A. C/ILLER. / 

BOSTON, 1886. 




CHAS. A. MARSH, 



Printer. 1 1 Bromfield Street, Boston. 



Copyriglited, 1886. 




ACID PHOSPHATE, 

[liquid] 

A preparation of the phosphates of lime, magnesia, potash and iron 
with pii^osphoric acid in such form as to be readily assimilated by 
the system. 

Prepared according to the directions of Brofessor E. N. Horsford, of 
Cambridge, Mass. 

FOR DYSPEPSIA, 

Meital M Pljsical Eilaislion, 

NERVOUSNESS, 

Weakened Energy, Indigestion, Etc, 

Universally recommended and prescribed by physicians of all schools. 
Its action will harmonize with such stimulants as are necessary to take. 
It is the best tonic known, furnishing sustenance to both brain and body. 
It makes a delicious drink with water and sugar only. 

INVIGORATING, STRENGTHENING, 

HEALTHFUL, REFRESHING. 



Prices reasonable. Pamphlet giving further particulars mailed free. 
Manufactured by the 

Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I. 



o:y BEWARE or IMITATIONS. 



HAVE YOU VV^ORN 

We^gale'^ (lorded Bress Facings ? 

Every lady who wishes a nicely hanging skirt, thait will remain so until the dress is worn 
out, will after ONE trial use nothing but the CORDED FACING. Why ? Because it 
gives a dress the required stiffness at the bottom, so indispensable to a nicely hanging skirt, 
keeping it always in place, avoiding that disagreeable flapping around the feet, and catching 
TP IN THE BACK SO aunoying to ladies. 

BMOWJV, nUBELL & CO., 

SOLE AGENTS, 71 BEDFORD ST., BOSTON. 

DON'T FAIL TO TRY 

TOTTLE's mm\ii emxiR. 




For man it has never 
the proprietor would be 
person who has found no 
especially adapted for 
sure relief for Lame Back, 
Xeck, Sore Throat, Pneu- 
aclic, Poisons, Bites, 
For Carbuncles and Bun- 
Bo:!s, Cholera Morbus, 
ially recommended. 

S, A. TUTTLE, 

VETERINARY SURGEON. 

4 Merrimac Street, BOSTON. 13 Summer Street, HYDE PARK. 



been known to fail, and 
pleased to hear from any 
relief from its use. It is 
Rheumatism, and is a 
Sprains, Bruises, Stiff 
monia, Neuralgia, Tooth- 
Corns, and Chilblains, 
ions, Frost-Bites, Burns, 
and Diarrhoea it is espec- 



BABY'S WARDROBE. 
L;it.e.-t Styl -. The most ctmiplete out- 
fits of garme a ts ever offered. Infant's 
Outfit, dresses, bonnets, slii^s, skirts, etc., 
12 patterns, 5Dc. First short clothes, bon- 
net, dresses, under-garments, etc., 12 pat- 
terns 53o. Full directions. 
New liliigrland Pattern Co. Rutland. Vt* 




Send ^\, ^2, S3, or $5 for re- 
tail box by express, of the best 
Candies in America, put up in 
elegant boxes, and strictly 
pure. Suitable for presents. 
Express charges li^; lit. Refers 
to all Chicago. Ti-y it once. 
Address 
C. F. GUNTHER. 
Confectioner, - Chicago. 



The following articles will be sent, postpaid to any address on receipt of price. 

Nursery Sheeting 1 yd. wide $1.00 per yd. 

Rubber Diapers, Best quality. .50 each. 

Nursery Aprons. .87 each. Patterns for for first drawers .10 each. 

Baby Birthday card-, (name and date) elegantly written. $1.30 per package of 50 cards. 

MKS. F. E. CALIPER, BOX ,393, HYDE PARK, MASS. 



HEALTH FOODS. 

Physicians who appropriately estimate perfect nutrition as the leading 
adjunct of all remedial measures, and parents who would give to their 
loved ones the richest and most enduring legacy — a healthy body, will 
appreciate the work of the Health Food Company. 

The well known and most worthy Dr. J. H. Hanaford strongly 
endorses the products of the Health Food Co., and declares, — "I can 
safely say I shall be an advocate of the * Health Food ' through life. I 
cannot conceive of any food more perfect." 

Eev. J. W. F. Barnes, chaplain of the Massachusetts State Prison, 
relates the case of an inmate of that institution, who had contracted that 
malady, Diabetes, which had for three or four years been developing in 
his system. So low was he that he prepared for death; the hospital 
physician said nothing more could be done for him save what might be 
accomplished through appropriate foods. Having the consent of the 
physician and the warden, Mr. Barnes obtained from the Health Food 
Company, some of their whole Wheat Gluten, and had it made into bread, 
and the patient was told to eat no other bread or substitute for it, this he 
did, and began at once to improve ; after a few weeks he was able to work, 
and now he calls himself well. Mr. Barnes speaks of other instances, of 
the same disease, not one of which failed through the use of the Health 
Food Company's Gluten. 

This preparation must not be confounded with the Glutens of foreign 
manufacture, nor with the substances sent out by numerous millers and 
bakers, under this name. The foreign Glutens contain a larger percent- 
age of starch and are not whole wheat Glutens, but simply the residium 
after more or less careful washing of the common commercial flour. The 
so-called Glutens offered by numerous millers and bakers is simply 
ground bran and impure middling?, a sort of " fine feed." 

P. Donahoe, Editor of Lonahoe's Magazine, in the issue of Oct. IS, 1880, 
(see page 294,) says, ''the Health Food Co., of New York, having a 
branch at 199 Tremont St., Boston, are the manufacturers of a number 
of articles for daily consumption which have received the very highest 
endorsement from medical men and professors of Hygiene throughout the 
country. We have used their Flour, Cereal Coffee, Extract of Gluten 
and Barley, with the greatest satisfaction ; and besides recommending 
them to our friends and neighbors, can say to our many readers, if you 
are suffering from a debilitated system, or from the bane of life, Dyspep. 
sia, give these foods a trial. After once using them, you will continue, 
and with the best results. Write for their descriptive circular and 
pamphlets, to Manager Health Food Company, 199 Tremont St., 
Boston." 



OUR BABY; 

What shall it Wear? 



The following pages are Intended to aid those who are desirous of 
preparing an infant's outfit which shall be tasteful and pretty, and at 
the same time inexpensive. Descriptions of elaborately made articles, 
such as may be found in bewildering variety in all of the large dry goods 
stores, have been purposely omitted. If this book shall prove an aid to 
any who, through inexperience, are ignorant of what to make or how to 
make it, its end will be accomplished. 

Select as good material as you can afford, but let the little garments 
be simply made. Such garments as can be easily washed and ironed and 
plenty of them, are far preferable to garments that are so elaborately 
made, that a great amount of labor must be expended in getting them 
laundered. 

A clean baby, in a white dress, fresh and spotless, is sweet enough, 
even though there be an absence of frills, flounces and furbelows. 
Absolute plainess is not desirable as we shall see presently. A good plan 
to guide you in making dresses, is to have them all best dresses, and all 
every-day dresses. That is, have them all made pretty enough to meet 
the needs of any baby for the first six months of its life, and yet not so 
elaborate- that they are too nice for daily wear. Most mothers like to 
have one or two " best dresses," but those are almost invariably in the 
wash when they are most needed. 

Among the first needs of the baby are flannel bands. Not to be pinned 
tightly around the body of the child, but to be worn simply to keep the 
bowels warm. I wish to emphasize this in spiLe of the " traditions of 
the elders" to the contrary. If the band is u.~cd at all let it be worn 
loosely. Flannel that contains a small per cent, of cotton is preferable 
to s,ll-wool flannel for infants' wear, as it does not thicken by washing as 
the all-wool flannel does. Shaker flannel is the best for this purpose. 
The bands should be made eighteen, inches long, and five or six inches 
wide. Turn the edge down once all around, and cross stitch with silk. 
Next take a piece of linen, old and soft, (the best portion of a worn 
pocket handkerchief is about the thing). Cut it the width of the band. 



"I-M"' 



4 <)i:it r.ABY ; 

and about four inches long, fell it on to the wrong ride of the band, about 
two inches from the end. About four of these bands are needed. 

In preparing shirts, you will be guided by the season in which tlie little 
stranger is to make its appearance. If in fall or v/inter, it is best to make 
hand-knit shirts of the best quality of Saxony yarn. The directions for 
knitting these will be found in the proper place. A narrow ribbon run 
through the neck and sleeves gives a dainty finish. For summer shirts 
use silk and wool flannel. It is one yard wide and costs one dollar per 
yard. Let the seams be opened and neatly cross stitched, that there may 
be no hard seams to^ret the little body. Finish the neck and sleeves 
with a tmxll scallop done in button-hole stitch, with wash-embroidery 
silk. 

About four dozen diapers are needed. One piece of linen diaper will 
cut about ten, in lengths twice as long as the width. Get a good quality, 
as it is the cheapest in the end. That which retails at about two dollars 
a piece is recommended. Cotton flannel is fast coming into general favor 
for diapers, in preference to linen, it being a better absorbent. I like to 
use linen for the outside diaper, but many discard the linen altogether. 
When cotton flannel is used, it is made up with the nap outside, the hem 
being turned once and cross stitched, and the nap placed next to the 
infant's body. Those intended to be worn outside should be eighteen 
inches square, the smaller ones for the inside should be ten inches 
square. 

Before I give directions for making the traditional " pinning blanket," 
let me tell a better way — do not make any. If your elderly female 
friends, including the nurse and the neighbors, persuade you that they 
are a necessity, proceed as follows. Use yard wide flannel, and make 
them one yard long. Make a narrow hem at the sides, and a wider one 
at the bottom. Gather into a band five inches wide, and sixteen or sev- 
enteen inches long. Insist on these being pinned loosely, unless they are, 
they are as mischievous as the tightly-pinned flannel bands. Three of 
these will be sufficient. 

For the skirts, you can buy if you choose, flannel that is machine 
embroidered, but it is better to buy the flannel and make them at home, 
because the machine-embroidered flannel is not found except in all wool, 
which does not Avash well, and neither is it very fine quality. Cut two 
breadths for each skirt, of flannel that is three-quarters of a yard wide. 
The skirts should be one yard long after the hem is turned. There are a 
variety of siraj)le ways to finish the bottom. The easiest way is to turn 
up the hem, baste, and feather stitch with silk. If you wish to add to 
this, you will find near the end of the book, directions for knitting or 
crocheting a number of pretty patterns, which may be done with Saxony 



WHAT SHALT. IT WEAR. O 

yarn or knitting silk. Another way of finishing is to mark the edge witli 
a pencil in scallops and button-hole stitch with silk, after which, cut 
away that part outside the edge. You can get the flannel stamped in any 
pretty pattern you may fancy, to be finished in outline, solid embroidery, 
or silk braid. A better way than the usual method is to gather them 
into a narroAY belt, in which are five button holes. Button the skirts on 
to a waist. Use small safety pins if you prefer. If you use buttons, use 
jlat bone buttons. From a physiological standpoint, these waists are 
prefci-able to the straight bands, as the skirts are suspended from the 
shoulders, when the former are used, thus avoiding all tightness about 
the little body. They are also a great convenience, as it is sometimes 
necessary to change the skirt, without changing the dress, and it can be 
done with very little trouble, if these waists are used. 

The prettiest dresses are made of plain white cambric. You can make 
a variety of dresses from one pattern. Get a good slip pattern, and you 
can use this for all the dresses, and the night dresses also. Cut the 
pattern straight across from the lowest part of the arm hole, and you 
have the yoke for a Mother Hubbard dress. Take a width of cambric as 
long as the width of the yoke, and tuck it on your sewing machine. You 
can tuck it all over alike, or tuck it in clusters of three tucks each. 
Between each cluster, feather stitch with linen floss. After the piece is 
tucked, pin on your pattern, and cut the yoke. If you have tucked it in 
clusters, take care that you have one cluster come exactly in the middle 
of the front of the yoke. Hamburg insertion may be stitched between 
the tucks instead of feather stitching. Make some tucks around the 
edge of the sleeves to correspond with the yoke. Finish neck and sleeves 
with a narrow lace edge. The skirts should measure about forty-four 
inches around, and should bo thirty-two inches long when finished. 
Make a hem three or four inches wide, and finish in tucks to match yoke. 
Make a plait that is to come unler the arm. Let it be about two inches 
at the top, graduated to a point, making a seam ten or twelve inches 
long. Hollow it out a little under the arm hole, and gather it on to the 
yoke. The same slip pattern can be used to cut other dresses, which 
may be finished with Hamburg edge. Torchon lace, Pvic-Kac, or homr- 
knit lace. Six dresses will be ample. 

Night dresses may be made of cotton cloth for summer, and cotton 
flannel for winter. Cut these from the slip pattern, and trim with a 
simple edge on neck and sleeves. 

One dozen bibs will not be too many. Serviceable ones are made of 
fleece-lined pique. These may be trimmed witli Hamburg or lace edge, 
or simply bound with a bias piece like the dresses. For the sake of 
variety you may like to have some of the bibs quilted. For these, use 



(5 OUR BABY ; 

for the outside, cambric or fine cotton, line with cotton and place sheet 
wadding between. Baste firmly, and stitch together in diamonds, or any 
design you fancy. Edge with lace or Hamburg, or if you are an adept 
at fine needle work, edge with a fine button-hole stitched scallop, with a 
large French knot just inside the scallop. A small Kate Greenaway 
figure looks very pretty placed in the center, neatly etched with pen or 
needle. One bib of white rubber, will prove itself to be of great con- 
venience. 

For the shawls, take fine soft flannel or merino, one yard square. You 
may turn a hem and feather stitch with silk, and edge with any knit or 
crochetted edge, or if you wish for something a little more elaborate, get 
a deep scalloped edge stamped, and a spray of flowers in two corners and 
embroider. Eemember in turning your hem, and in ordering your 
stamping, that what is the right side for one-half of the shawl is the 
wrong side for the other half. A pretty summer wrap may be made for 
baby, by turning one corner back, form the neck by taking one small 
box plait, and form a hood with the corner. Finish the hood with a bow 
of pretty ribbon, and tie with ribbon strings. I like the cunning little 
crochetted sacques better than these shawls for babies to wear when they 
get old enough to throw their arms about. For the sacque fits close to 
the little body, and can not be thrown off. Directions for making these, 
will be found in the proper place. Directions for making socks will be 
found in the same place. 

For summer cloaks, Turkish towelling is neat, serviceable and inex- 
pensive, it comes in all colors, though white is preferable, as it may be 
washed frequently and still look like new. White torchon lace makes a 
pretty trimming and is also serviceable. There are other pretty mate- 
rials, cashmere, opera flannel, and others that come under the general 
name of baby cloaking. If you are not near any store where an assort- 
ment may be had to choose from, any of the leading dry good stores in 
the cities will furnish you with samples of that, or any other class of 
goods you may specify on application, and will fill an order promptly 
and in most cases satisfactorily. 

The ''Mother Hubbard" is a popular style, though sacques are worn 
with capes, also double capes. By buying a pattern and the material, you 
can make this at home, and of good material, much cheaper than you 
could buy a ready-made cloj^k of inferior quality. 

Very pretty bonnets for winter wear, are made of cashmere or quilted 
silk or satin, and trimmed with swan's down. The quilted silk or satin 
may be brouglit by the yard in any shade you may prefer. A knitted or 
crocheted hood is pretty finished with a ruche around the face, with 
loops of very narrow ribbon placed between the plaits. This is also a 



AVIIAT SHALL IT WEAR. 7 

pretty finish for the mull or lace bonnets, that are worn in summer. 
These may be purchased ready made for from one dollar and a half, to as 
high as you please to go. If you have more time than money, and an 
average share of skill, you can produce something that is homemade that 
will be quite satisfactory. Fine darned net over pink or blue makes a 
very pretty little bonnet. 

Fine mull with shirrs or tucks or clusters, or lace insertion will more 
nearly resemble those found in the stores. Cut a circular piece three 
inches in diameter for the crown. Cut a straight piece long enough to 
gather quite full around the edge of the circular piece, and wide enough 
to come around the face after it is tucked, etc. After this piece is gath- 
gathered around the circular piece, cut it away where the ends join, to 
form the neck. Take another straight piece and finish it to match the 
top, gather and sew on to form a cape. For very young babies, it is 
better to omit this part, and finish by allowing the ribbon strings to pass 
across the back in one continuous piece, or if you use muslin strings, 
allow the ruche to go across the back. Line Avitli pink, blue or white as 
you prefer. 

A good pattern for first drawers can be cut by following these direc- 
tions. Cut a paper fourteen inches wide by nine inches long. Gut off a 
triangular piece from the two lower corners, so that the lower edge 
remaining shall measure seven inches, and the vertical sides seven inches. 
This is your pattern. Let a folded edge of the cloth come at the lower 
edge of the jDattern. When cut the drawers all are in one piece. Gather 
the upper edges into two bands, and make three button holes in each 
band. Face around the bottom and trim with Hamburg, lace, or a 
simple cambric ruffle. 

For the " Baby basket " procure a light, strong basket, oval in shai^e. 
Cover inside and outside with pink or blue silesia. Cover this with 
muslin, dotted or plain. Allow a lace edged frill to fall outside, low 
enough to conceal the basket. Finish the top edge with plaited satin 
ribbon. Place around the inside some little pockets made of the muslin, 
and one of oil silk, in which to place the sponge. The basket should 
contain a full set of clothing, a soft sponge, soap, brush and comb, large 
and small safety pins, two boxes of powder, one containing brown 
Fuller's earth, the other white powder, and a puff, a pin cushion, a roll of 
old soft linen, twine and scissors. 

A very useful article to place in your lap while holding the baby, is 
made by placing a layer of batting, between two pieces of cotton or cheese 
cloth. Finish like a bed quilt, or you may edge with some cheap lace or 
edging. Make a button-hole in each corner, cut a piece of white gossa- 
mer of the same size, and after sewing a button in each corner, on the 



o OUR baby; 

rubber side button the two parts together, and you have an effectual 
shield for your dress. 

Now you must have a place to put all these dainty little garments, as 
one by one they are prepared; Get two colors of silesia (pale pink and 
pale blue). Cut one just the size of the drawer you are intending to 
vacate for the new comer. Cut the other piece two or three inches larger 
each way. Cut a layer of cotton batting a trifle smaller than the smallest 
piece of silesia. Pink the edges of both pieces of silesia, and after sprink- 
ling the batting with heliotrope powder place it between the pieces of 
silesia, and quilt. Pla*e this in the bottom of baby's drawer. It will 
serve as a lining to the drawer, and impart fragrance to its contents. 

A novel and convenient substitute for a crib for the baby during the 
first six months of its life may be made by taking a long clothes basket, 
make it as dainty as you please with muslin, lace and ribbon. A large 
pillow and a small pillow placed in this forms the bed. This may bo 
suspended from the ceiling over the foot of the mother's bed, or placed 
in any convenient spot in the house. You will find this convenienl 
because it can be so easily moved from one place to another. After baby 
is able to sit alone, it will be useful to put on the floor for him to sit in, 
thus preventing him from taking cold or from creeping into mischief. 
Such a basket may be used as cradle and crib, and later as steam cars, 
horse cars, wheel-barrow and go-cart, and after passing through these 
successive stages still do duty in the laundry. 

Take three yards of mosquito netting, or canopy lace, (less may do, ) 
tie it around the middle with a ribbon, and hang by a loop of the ribbon 
to a hook in the wall, near where the crib is to stand. Allow this to fall 
over the crib, when his babyship is taking a nap thus shielding from 
intrusive flies or mosquitoes. 

A square yard of white gossamer is a convenient, and almost indispen- 
sable part of the baby's bedding. A pretty crib blanket is made by 
binding soft thick flannel with ribbon, or by button-hole stitching the 
edge with worsted. Near the top of the blanket, embroider the couplet :— 

*' Sleep little eyes and shut in the blue. 
Sleep little baby, God loves you." 

Another covering may be made of cotton batting covered with cheese 
cloth. Button-hole stitch the edge, and tie with worsted of the same 
color as the edge. If you have a worn blanket use that instead of the 
batting, as it will make the covering warmer and lighter. 

A serviceable and simple summer carriage robe is made of Turkish 
toweling edged with several rows of crochet done with crochet cotton. 
Run the meshes with narrow ribbon, and place a large bow of ribbon 



WHAT SHALL IT WEAK. 9 

near one corner. More elaborate robes are made of alternate rows of 
wide ribbon and antique lace insertion, and edged with antique lace. 
Line with siiesia the color of the ribbon. Canvas robes are fringed at the 
edge, and the threads drawn an inch or more from the fringe. Draw the 
threads for a space equal in width to the plain space within the fringed 
edge. Kun with ribbon a little wider than the space, or run with several 
rows of narrow ribbon, so as to form blocks in the border. Rules for 
knitting or orocheting afghans for winter use will be found in the proper 
place. 

If you use a canopy top carriage, take a piece of satin, or any material 
that your taste or means may suggest. Make the width equal the length 
of the canopy and long enough to reach fro.m the top to the body of the 
carriage on one side. Line with silk or siiesia. Put some loops on the 
top, and fasten to either side of the canopy, thus forming a side protec- 
tion from sun and wind. 

In the foregoing pages, I have endeavored to show how an infant's 
outfit may be prepared with the least expense if you do not value your 
time. If your time is worth anything to you, you can buy any, or all of 
these articles ready made cheaper than you can make them yourself. 
Send to Messers Best & Co., 60 and 62 West 23d Street, New York, for 
their illustrated catalogue of ready-made clothing for boys, girls and 
babies. Their prices and the quality and make of their goods are 
recommended as satisfactory. 



10 OUli UABY^ 

DIRECTIONS FOR KNITTING OR CROCHETING 
INFANT'S SHIRTS, SACQUES, SOCKS, Etc. 

{From the '^Household'' by permitislon.) 

INFANT'S SHIKTS. 

I. 

High neck and long sleeves. Use small bone needles, and three-thread 
Saxony yarn. Two ounces required for each shirt. 

BoKDER. — Cast on seventy-eight stitches. 1st row. Knit across 
plain. 2d row. Seam across. 3d row. Knit across plain. 4th row. 
Knit first stitch, put yarn over, knit three, narrow twice, knit three, put 
yarn over, knit one, yarn over, knit three, narrow tM'ice, etc., repeating 
pattern to end of needle, which must exactly correspond to first end. 5th 
row. Seam. 6th row. Same as fourth row. 7th row. Seam. 8th 
row. Same as fourth row. 9th row. Knit. 10th row^ Seam. 11th 
row. Knit. 12th row. Same as fourth row. 13th row. Same as fifth 
row. 14th row. Like fourth row. 15th row. Like fifth row. 16th 
row. Like fourth row. And so on, repeating until there are four finished 
pattern rows, that is, four times three rows of eyelets with the ribbing 
between, and five ribbed rows. In going across last row of border narrow 
six stitches, leaving seventy-two. Knit forty-six times across, knitting 
and seaming two alternately. Now to shape shoulder, narrow one at 
each end of needle every time across, until there are forty-four on needle, 
and bind off. This forms the back. 

For front, after knitting border as for back, knit and seam thirty-six 
times across. Take off one-half the stitches on another needle, and knit 
ten times across; now narrow on outside end of needle every time across, 
until there are twenty-eight stitches on needle. On inner end of needle, 
(or middle of front,) bind off three stitches, every other time across. 

II. 

Materials, one ounce of single white zepliyr, and two common sized 
needles. Cast ninety-three stitches on one needle. 1. Knit two stitches 
plain, narrow one, knit two, put thread over the needle, knit one stitch, 
repeat, then two plain, narrow two, knit two plain, put thread over for 
two stitches, and so on to the end of the needle, where there will be only 
one stitch to narrow instead of two. 2. Knit plain. 3. Seam across 
same as on heel of stocking, which completes one row of shells. It 
requires twenty rows of the same after which seam two and two across 
till it will measure from shells one-half finger length. To finish at neck, 
knit across plain, and make one row of holes by putting thread over every 
stitch and narrowing, bind off. This completes one-half of the body. 
Knit a duplicate, and sew the sides together, to within two inches of the 



WHAT SHALL IT WEAR. 11 

top. For sleeves cast on seventy-three stitches, and proceed the same as 
on the body for eight rows of shells, then seam two and two one inch, 
and finish the same as before. Sew sleeves together and sew them into 
the body. 

For neck finish, crochet plain edge, run ribbon in the row of holes, and 
draw up. 

III. 

Cast on seventy-four stitches for one-half of body. Knit across plain. 
Take off the first stitch, knit the next, put up the thread and knit three, 
* narrow, knit one, then slip the narrowed stitch over this, knit three, 
put up the thread, knit one, put up the thread, and knit three, repeat 
from * until all are knit off. Knit back plain. Knit twelve times across 
for the border, then knit two and seam two, until you have the length of 
body desired, about eight inches, then at the end where the thread is, 
knit twelve stitches six times across for the shoulder. Use a third needle 
if more convenient. Bind off, then bind off the stitches on the body part 
excepting the last twelve stitches for the other shoulder, knit these six 
times across, and bind off. 

For the sleeve, cast on thirty stitches, make as directed for border of 
body one inch deep, then knit two and seam two to make the desired 
length. When completed sew them up, as also the body^ over and over, 
using the same yarn they were knit of. Sew them to tlie body. Crochet 
or knit a narrow edge for the neck, and run a narrow ribbon through. 
They should be knit of split worsted or Saxony yarn. 

IV. 

Materials, one ounce of single zephyr or fine Saxony, and two coarse 
steel needles. Cast on ninety stitches. Knit three seam and three plain 
alternately for each row, until seven inches long. Knit twenty stitches 
at one end of the needle, till one and one-half inches long, for the 
shoulder. Bind off all but twenty stitches, and knit the other shoulder 
similarly. This is half the sihrt. Duplicate. Sew the halves at the 
shoulder. Take up thirty-eight stitches each side of the shoulder seam. 
Knit three seam and three plain alternately for each row, narrowing at, 
each end of the needle to sixty-two stitches. Continue at that width 
till the sleeve is one and one-half inches long. Sew up the sides and 
sleeves. Trim to taste. 

V. 

Knitting materials : Saxony yarn, three thread, for medium sized steel 
needles. Cast on one hundred and tw^enty stitches. Knit one row plain. 
1st row. Knit three, purl eight; repeat. 2d row. Purl three, knit eight; 
repeat. 3d row. Like the fiirst row. 4th row. Like the second row. 
6th row. Like the first row*. 6th row. Like the second row. 



12 OUK BABY ; 

Repeat from the first row, decreasing one stitch, after the thirty-fifth, 
and before the eighty-fifth, stitcli of every sixth row after the twelfth row. 

After the forty-eighth i-ow, divide tlie stitches into three parts. Tliere 
should be twenty-seven on the first needle, fifty-four on the second, and 
twenty-seven on the last. Knit each needle separately. In the first and 
last needles, which form the front, knit twenty-seven rows, cast off twelve 
stitches on the inner side, to form the hollow of the neck, knit six rows 
in the stitches that remain, and cast off. The other side is knit in the 
same way. For the back knit thirty-three rows and cast off. 

Sew up the shoulders with wool, and finish the neck with a crotcheted 
band, as follows : 

1st row. One double into each stitch. 2d row. One treble separated 
l)y one chain into each alternate stitch. 

For the sleeve, cast on thirty stitches, knit twelve rows. To form the 
sleeves, increase one stitch at the beginning of every other row, until 
there are forty-five stitches on the needle, then cast off, join the sleeve 
together, and join to the jacket. 

A crocheted edge is worked around the jacket and sleeves. 

1st row. One treble, five chain, one double into the second, pass over 
one stitch of the edge of the jacket, one treble into the next; repeat. 

A ribbon is threaded through the edging of the throat and sleeves. 

INFANT'S CROCHETED SACQUE. 

Two ounces of white and half an ounce of blue split zephyr, and a fine 
ivory crochet needle. With the white doubled make a chain of eighty- 
five, then with the worsted single make two double crochet in every other 
stitch of the chain, until there are seven groups, with two double crochet 
in each group. Skip one chain, three double crochet in next chain, seven 
groups of two double crochet, widen by making three double crochet, five 
groups of two double crochet, widen same as before. This is the center 
of back. Finish the row in the same way. Crochet eight rows, widen- 
ing every other row. On the ninth row make fourteen groups of two 
double crochet, skip fourteen groups, make two double in the fifteenth 
of the eighth row, this forms the arm size. Make fourteen groups of two 
double crochet and widen, this is the center of the back. Then crochet 
seven rows only widening in the back every other row. 

For sleeves commence under the arm, put two double crochet in every 
group around the arm size, and under the arm put in some extra ones, 
having in all twenty groups of the two double crochet. Make nine rows 
plain for the length of sleeve. Then with blue make a slip stitch in 
every other chain to draw it in at the wrist. With the blue make four 
chain and four double crochet in the same place, then skip three of the 



WHAT SHALL IT WEAR. 13 

group of two on the sleeve, and fasten with a slip stitch. Repeat this 
all around the sleeve. Fasten on the white, make four double crochet 
over the four chain of blue, four chain of white catch in the same place 
with the four double crochet with a slip stitch repeat this all around, then 
another row of blue like the first. 

Crochet all around the sacque in the same way, having fii-st a low of 
blue, then a row of white, then blue, and then across the bottom another 
row of blue. This will be three rows on the fronts and four rows on 
the bottom. 

For the collar, work with blue two double crochet between every two 
around the neck, then a row of white like the border, and a row of blue, 
with v/hite make a double crochet between every group of two of the 
blue. Crochet a chain of the blue and white together, for cord, run it in 
the last row and finish with tassels. 

Crochet all of it very loosely. They are very pretty with colored center 
and white borders. You can make them with straight fronts, or slanting. 
For the slanting ones widen on each end of each row. This is for a 
slanting front. 

SOCKS. 

L 

Crochet a chain two inches long. Go round and round this chain in 
the simplest crochet stitch, drawing through a thread and drawing the 
yarn through the two stitches. When you have a little oval big enough 
for the sole of the sock, go back and forth across one end, perhaps five 
times, till you judge you have reached the instep, then round and round 
till you see your sock is finished. I think there can be no definite 
number of stitches given, a^ some people work so much tighter than 
others. 

ij. 

Materials, one lap each white and colored zephyr. With white make a 
ehiin of thirteen, turn, mis's one, work twelve double crochet, one chain, 
'i'his one chain is made in order to turn the work nicely. 

2. Take up the back loop and work plain double crochet throughout. 
IJepeat until there are twenty-eight rows, or fourteen ribs on each side. 

29. Work down the twelve stitches, seven chain, turn, miss one, work 
back, take up same loop on the chain that is taken up on leg part. 

31. Work eighteen, four chain, turn, work back twenty-one stitches. 

S3. Work twenty-one stitches, three chain, turn, work twenty-three 
stitches. 

35. Work twenty-three, turn, work back. 

37. Work twenty-one stitches, leaving two, turn, work back. 

39. Work down eighteen st it dies. turn, work back. 



14 OUR baby; 

In malcing the fortieth row the wrong side will be toward the hand. 

Join the sides. This forms tlie leg and instep. At the point of join- 
ing begin witli the color, work around the instep and leg one row double 
crochet, taking up six stitches down first side of instep, two next notch, 
three second notch, two across the end, two on third notch, and three on 
the toe. Work the other side of instep to correspond, having sixty-one 
stitches all round. 

2. Plain, but worked in single crochet, that is by putting hook 
through back loop and drawing through both loops at once. 

3. Same, but increase ^ve times by taking up a stitch on back of work, 
one in middle of toe, one each side a little from toe, and two in heel 
little apart, about four stitches. Work five rows plain. 

9. Decrease five times same places where you increase, by putting 
hook through second loop, then the first, and draw wool through all 
three loops on hook. 

10 and 11. Same as ninth row, except in 11th row work till within four 
stitches of the middle of the toe. Turn sock wrong side, join the edges, 
taking up four stitches at the toe, also of heel, and work them as one. 

For top of leg join white and make seven groups of trebles, four trebles 
to a group. 

2. Make another group of four trebles in the center of first row. 

3. Join on the color, four trebles in center of white group, fasten with 
double crochet to the loop between first and second groups in second 
row, three chain, fasten to loop between two groups of trebles in first row, 
three chain, fasten to top of sock, three chain, fasten to same loop in first 
row, three chain, fasten to same loop in second row, then repeat till 
finished. 

Run ribbon through the ribs at ankle and tie in front. This sock is 
very pretty worked in treble crochet, that is the leg and instep but 
instead of twenty-eight rows only fourteen of the treble crochet are 
required. 

III. 

Cast on fifty-three stitches. Knit four times across and back. 

9. Knit first stitch, then knit all the rest by putting the yarn over the 
needle and knitting two together. 

10. Knit plain. 

11, 13, 15, 17 and 19. Same as ninth row. 

12, 14, 16, 18, 20. Same as tenth row. Then knit four times across 
and back plain. 

9. Same as the other ninth row. Then knit four times across and 
back plain. Now divide on three needles, having eighteen stitches on 
t^aoh. outside needle, and seventeen on the center one. 



WHAT SHALL IT WEAK. 15 

Knit oil the center needle only, twenty-three times across and back, 
and the forty-third and forty-fifth times narrow once on each end of the 
needle. Now with the outside needles pick up stitches along the strip 
just knit, making forty-two on each outside needle, knitting once across 
all three needles and back. Now narrow each alternate time across, the 
last two stitches on first needle, in the middle of the second needle, and 
the first two stitches on the third needle, knitting back plain. When 
there are but seven stitches on the center needle, narrow both outside 
needles on both ends, each alternate time, until the center needle has but 
two stitches on it. Put one of these two stitches on each outside needle, 
then knit the two together after the manner of binding a stocking heel. 
Sew up the back of the shoe. Run cord or ribbon in the lower row of holes. 

IV. 

This sock is in three parts, and when finished looks like a fancy 
stocking with a slipper on, heel and all complete, and is very pretty. 
Material, white and colored zephyr, and coarse steel needles. Cast on 
sixty-six stitches with colored zephyr. 

1st and 3d rows. Purl. 2d and 4th rows. Plain. Now use the 
white. 

- 5th, 7th and 9th rows. Knit one, throw the thread over, knit one, slip 
one on the needle without knitting, narrow two into one, bind the slipped 
stitch over it, knit one, throw the thread over; repeat this until the end 
of th3 needle. 

6th, 8th, and 10th rows. Purl. Now with colored knit as first four 
rows. Now use white, and knit as between the colored rows until thir- 
teen rows of holes are made. Now reserve fifteen stitches in the middle 
of the needle for instep, which knit as the ankle. The stitches on each 
side of the fifteen purl, including the first of the fifteen. Then knit the 
pattern across the instep, purling the last stitch of the fifteen, (without 
narrowing,) with the remaining stitches. Purl back the length of the 
needle. Next knit three, throw the thread over, narrow, repeat to the 
first of the fifteen of the instep, then widen one without making a hole. 
Knit the pattern across the instep as before, not narrowing the last of 
the fifteen. Knit on that side of the instep as on the other. Purl back, 
then bind off to the first stitch of the instep. Widen one stitch on the 
instep and bind off the other side of the heel, and continue the instep 
until thirteen holes are made, then bind off. 

The Slipper. Cast on forty stitches. Knit two, purl two, reversing 
the pattern after each two rows so as to form little blocks, widen one at 
the toe end of the needle, until nine blocks or eighteen rows are knit, 
then bind off forty stitches on the heel end, and continue the pattern 
with the remaining stitches until fourteen blocks are made. Now cast 



16 OUR BABY ; 

on forty additional stitches for the other side. Knit nine blocks, narrow- 
ing at the toe end, then bind off. Take up the stitches around the top 
of the slipper and purl one row, then bind off. 

For the sole cast on eight stitches, and knit garter style until twelve 
ridges are on the right side, widening one stitch at the latter end of each 
needle until the heel is eighteen stitched wide. Now knit two plain and 
narrow, which repeat across the needle. Next row narrow the center 
stitch. After the heel the knitting must be plain on J;he right side. 
When twenty-two ridges can be counted on the wrong side, widen one 
stitch in the middle of ihe needle. Then knit three rows, and in the 
fourth widen on each side of the middle. Knit three more rows and 
widen two in the middle, leaving three stitches between. Knit twenty- 
two times across, and narrow at each end of the last row. Knit three 
times across and bind off. Sew all the parts together. 

V. 

These little boots are very pretty knit of blue or pink and white zephyr. 
They are commenced in the middle of the sole, and a tiny slipper is knit 
basket work with the colored wool. The instep and upper part of the 
boot is then knit shell work with white wool. The following directions 
are correct, and I hope no one will have any difficulty in following them : 
Cast on thirty stitches. 

1. *Knit three, seam three, repeat from * across the needle, widen one 
at the end of the needle. 

2. Seam one, *knit three, seam three, repeat from * across the needle. 

3. *Seam three, knit three, repeat from * across the needle, widen one. 

4. Knit two, * seam three, knit three, repeat from * across the needle. 
Continue in this way, knitting two rows to look alike, then change, 

seaming what was plain, and knitting plain what was seamed, making 
one stitch at the end of each odd row, until you have knit seventeen 
rows, and have thirty-nine stitches. 

18. Seam three, knit three, seam three, knit three. Pay no attention 
to the rest of the stitches. 

19. Knit ihree, seam three, knit three, seam three. 

Knit these twelve stitches back and forth, without increasing, twenty- 
six times, or through the forty-third row. 

44. Knit three, seam three, knit three, seam three, cast on to the right 
hand needle twenty-seven stitches. 

45. Take a third needle, * knit three, seam three, repeat from * across 
the needle, narrow the last two stitches. 

46. Seam two, * knit three, seam three, repeat from * across the 
needle. 

Knit in this way seventeen rows, narrowing at the end of even' odd 



WHAT SHALL IT WEAK. 17 

row. There will then be thirty stitches on the needle. Bind off. You 
will now have the slipper part of the boot completed. 

With the white wool knit across the needle that is left in the work, 
beginning at the heel, knit three, seam three, etc. With the same needle 
pick up seventeen stitches across the instep, and twenty-seven stitches 
on the other side. 

1. Seam forty-three, seam two together. Do not knit the rest of the 
stitches. 

2. Narrow, narrow, narrow, * thread over, knit one, * five times, 
thread over, narrow, narrow, narrow three stitches together. Turn, the 
work. 

3. Knit plain sixteen stitches, narrow. 

4. Knit plain sixteen stitches, narrow. 

5. Seam sixteen, seam two together. 

6. 10, 14, and 18. Same as second row. 

7. 11, 15, and 19. Same as third row. 

8, 12, 16, and 20. Same as fourth row. 

9, 13, and 17. Same as fifth row. 

21. Seam thirty-four. In this row and each row following, there will 
\)e fifty-one stitches. 

22. Narrow three times, * thread over, knit one * five times, thread 
over, narrow, narrow five t^es more, *thread over, knit one * five times, 
thread over, narrow, narrow five times more, * thread over, knit one ^ 
five times, thread over, narrow, narrow, narrow. 

23 and 24. Knit plain. 25. Seam. 

Repeat the twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-fourth, and tw^enty- 
fifth rows ten times, then bind off. 

The ninth and tenth times that you knit the twenty-second and twenty- 
third rows use the colored wool. 

Join the boot on the wrong side, in such a way as to make the toe 
square. Run a narrow white ribbon around the lower row of shells in 
the ankle, and tie in a bow in front. 

WORSTED BALL. 
Use coarse steel needles. In knitting balls always cast on a number of 
stitches that can be divided by three. A medium-sized ball needs thirty 
stitches. After casting on thirty stitches, tie the bit that remains, and 
leave as a sort of '* sign-board." This you may call "A," the opposite 
end call " B." Knit from A to B, leaving one stitch unknit; turn, knit 
toward A, leaving one stitch unknit; turn, knit toward B, at the end 
leave two stitches unknit, turn, knit toward A, leave two stitches; turn 
knit toward B, and leave three stitches; turn, knit toward A and leave 



18 ouB baby; 

three stitches ; turn, knit toward B and leave four stitches ; turn, knit 
A and leave four stitches, and so on, until you have ten stitches unknit 
at B. Turn, knit the twenty stitches, thus reaching the end at A. Xow 
you have thirty stitches as at first. Break off yarn, tie firmly to some 
contrasting color, and knit exactly as before. After you complete this 
section, knit another until you have seven, all in one piece. Bind off 
the last section, leaving yarn at end to sew ball together with. Close 
gradually, stuffing and shaping as you proceed. 

I. — BASKET PATTERN FOR AFGHAN. 

Cast on f orty-eight,stitches ; knit once across plain. 1st row. Altern- 
ately seam seven, knit five. 2d row. Alternately seam five, knit seven. 
3d row. Same as first row. 4th row. Same as second row. 5th row. 
Same as first row. 6th row. Alternately knit seven, seam five. 7th row. 
Alternately knit five. Seam seven. 8th row. Same as sixth row. 9th 
row. Same as seventh row. 10th row. Same as sixth row. Repeat 
from first row until your strip is of the desired length. 

II. — ANOTHER BASKET PATTERN. 

Cast on twenty stitches and knit across once plain. 1. One stitch 
plain, set the needle into the next stitch, and put the wool three times 
round the needle and knit it; repeat this to the end of the row, and knit 
the stitch left plain. 2. Knit one stitch plain, take off six without 
knitting, pass the three back ones over the q^ier three, replace them on 
the left hand needle and knit them, proceed thus twice more and knit 
the last stitch plain. 4. Plain. 5. Plain. Commence again with the 
first row. 

III. — CRAZY STITCH. 

Make a chain the desired length, turn, into the four crochet four 
treble, three chain, one single crochet into same stitch, skip two stitches 
of the chain, four treble, three chain, one single into same stitch, repeat 
to end of row; turn into last hole formed by three chain, work four 
treble, three chain, one single. 

KNITTED SKIRT. 

This pattern takes from one and one-half to two skeins of German- 
town yarn, knit on small sized wood or bone needles, two breadths, 
ninety-six stitches each. 

1. Knit plain. 2. Knit seamed. 3. Knit plain. 4. Narrow, knit 
four, throw thread over, knit one, throw thread over, knit four, slip one, 
narrow, pass slip stitch over the narrowed one, knit four, throw thread 
over, knit one, throw thread over, knit four, slip one, narrow, pass slipped 
stitch over the narrowed one, etc. 5. Seam across. 6. Like the 4th row. 
7. Seam across, 8. Like the 4th row. 0. Seam across. 10. Like the 4th row. 



AMI AT SHALL IT WEAK. 19 

11. Knit plain. 12. Seam across. 18. Knit plain. 14. Repeat from fourth 
row until you have three of the pattern rows between four rows of the 
seams. Then knit two and seam two, thirty-six rows, or until long enou"-h. 
The back breadth, after the pattern rows, knit and seam one-half, and 
then the other, which leaves the opening. 

EDGING. 

I. 
Cast on fifteen stitches. 1. Slip one, knit one, over four times, nar- 
row, over, narrow to last stitch, knit one. 
2. Slip one, knit twelve, purl one, knit one, purl one, knit two. 
.3 and 4. Plain knitting. 

5. Slip one, knit one, over five times, narrow, knit one, over, narrow 
to last stitch, knit one. 

6. Slip one, knit fifteen, purl one, knit one, purl one, knit three 
7 and 8. Plain knitting. 

9. Cast off seven, knit one, over four times, narrow to last stitch, 
knit one. 

Then commence at second row and knit as before. 

II. LEAF NOIiMANDY. 

Cast on thirty-two stitches. Knit across plain. 

1. Knit two, narrow, over, knit two, slip one, narrow, bind, knit 
two, over, knit one, over, knit two, slip one, narrow, bind, knit two, 
over, narrow, knit four, narrow, over, knit three, over, knit two. 

2. Knit two, over, knit five, over, narrow, knit four, purl fifteen, 
knit three. 

8. Knit four, over, knit one, slip one, narrow, bind, knit one, over, 
knit three, over, knit one, slip one, narrow, bind, knit one, over, knit 
four, narrow, over, knit one, narrow, over, knit one, over, narrow, knit 
one, over, knit two. 

4. Knit two, over, knit one, narrow, over, knit three, over, narrow, 
knit one, over, narrow, knit three, purl thirteen, knit four. 

5. Knit five, over, slip one, narrow, bind, over, knit five, over, slip 
one, narrow, bind, over, knit five, over, knit one, narrow, over, knit five, 
over, narrow, knit one, over, knit two. 

6. Knit two, over, knit one, narrow, over, knit three, over, narrow, 
knit two, over, narrow, knit one, over, narrow, knit three, purl eleven, 
knit five. 

7. Knit six, over, knit one, over, knit two, slip one, narrow, bind, 
knit two, over, knit one, over, knit six, over, narrow, knit one, over, 
narrow, knit three, narrow, over, knit one, narrow, over, knit one, 
narrow. 



20 OUR baby; 

8. Bind off one, knit one, over, narrow, knit one, over, narrow, knit 
one, narrow, over, knit one, narrow, over, knit seven, purl eleven, knit 
six. 

9. Knit four, narrow, over, knit three, over, knit one, slip one, nar- 
row, bind, knit one, over, knit three, over, narrow, knit six, over, narrow, 
knit one, over, slip one, narrow, bind, over, knit one, narrow, knit one, 
narrow. 

10. Knit two, over, narrow, knit three, narrow, over, knit eight, purl 
thirteen, knit five. 

11. Knit three, narrow, over, knit five, over, slip one, narrow, bind, 
over, knit five, over, nafrow, knit seven, over, narrow, knit one, narrow, 
over, knit three. 

12. Bind off two, knit one, over, knit three together, over, knit seven, 
narrow, purl fifteen, knit four. 

III. 

Cast on seven stitches. Knit across plain. 1st row. Slip one, knit 
one, over, narrow, over, narrow, over, knit one. 2d row. Plain. 

3d row. Slip one, knit two, over, narrow, over, narrow, over, knit 
one. 4th row plain. 

5th row. Slip one, knit three, over, narrow, over, narrow, over, knit 
one. 6th row. Plain. 

7th row. Slip one, knit four, over, narrow, over, narrow, knit one. 
8th row. Plain. 9th row. Plain. 

10th row. Cast off until there are but six stitches on left hand needle, 
making seven with the one on the right. Commence at first row. 

IV. — INSERTION. 

Cast on six stitches. 1st row. Knit one, narrow, thread over twice, 
narrow, knit one. 

2d row. Knit three, seam one, knit two. Kepeat these two rows till 
you have knit the required length. 

V. — TORCHON LACE. 

Cast on nine stitches. 1st row. Knit three, narrow, over, narrow, 
over, knit one, over, knit one. 2nd row, plain. 

3d row. Knit two, narrow, over, narrow, over, knit three, over, knit 
one. 4th row, plain. 

5th row. Knit one, narrow, over, narrow, over, knit five, over, knit 
one. 6th row, plain. 

7th row. Knit three, over, narrow, over, narrow, knit one, narrow, 
over, narrow. 8th row, plain. 

9th row. Knit four, over, narrow, over, narrow three together, over, 
narrow. 10th row, plain. 



WHAT SHALL IT WEAR. 2^ 

11th row. Knit five, over, narrow three together, over, narrow. 12th 
row, plain. Repeat from first row. 

VI. — DIAMOND LACE. 

Cast on twenty stitches and knit across plain. 1. Slip one, knit 
three, * over once, narrow, * ; repeat to * seven times. 
2 and 3. Slip one, knit nineteen. 

4. Needle through first stitch as for plain knitting, thread over eight 
times, bring through, repeat for the next fifteen stitches, knit four 
plain. 

5. Slip one, knit three, now pull out the needle used in the fourth 
row, leaving sixteen long loops. 

6. 7, 8, 9 and 10. Slip one, knit three. 

11. Slip one, knit three, skip four loops, take up next four on the 
needle and knit plain. Then take up first four, passing them through 
those already knit. Proceed with the remaining eight loops in the same 
manner. 

12. Knit across plain and begin again with first row. 

This is very handsome made in white Saxony with fine needles. 

VII. — LEAF EDGING. 

Cast on twenty-six stitches. Knit across plain. 

1. Knit two, over twice, purl two together, knit one, over, knit two, 
slip one, narrow, throw slipped stitch over, knit two, over, knit one, 
over, knit two, slip one, narrow, throw slipped stitch over, knit two, 
over, knit two, over, narrow, over twice, knit two. 

2. Knit three, purl one, knit one, over, narrow, purl seventeen, over 
twice, purl two together, knit two. 

3. Knit two, over twice, purl two together, knit two, over, knit one, 
slip one, narrow, throw slipped stitch over, knit one, over, knit three, 
over, knit one, over, knit three, over, narrow, knit four. 

4. Knit five, over, narrow, purl seventeen, over twice, purl two to- 
gether, knit two. 

5. Knit two, over twice, purl two together, knit three, over, slip one, 
narrow, throw slipped stitch over, over, knit five, over, slip one, narrow, 
throw slipped stitch over, over, knit four, over, narrow, over twice, nar- 
row, over twice, knit two. 

6. Knit three, purl one, knit two, purl one, knit one, over, narrow, 
purl seventeen, over twice, purl two together, knit two. 

7. Knit two, over twice, purl two together, narrow, knit two, over, 
knit one, over, knit two, slip one, narrow, throw slipped stitch over, 
knit two, over, knit one, over, knit two, slip one, knit one, throw slipped 
stitch over, knit one, over, narrow, knit seven. 



% 



22 OUK BABY ; 

8. Knit eight, over, narrow, purl seventeen, over twice, purl two 
together, knit two. 

9. Knit two, over twice, purl two together, narrow, knit one, over, 
knit three, over, knit one, slip one, narrow, throw slipped stitch over, 
knit one, over, knit three, over, knit one, slip one, knit one, throw 
slipped stitch over, knit one, over, narrow, over twice, narrow, over twice, 
narrow, over twice, narrow, knit one. 

10. Knit three, purl one, knit two, purl one, knit two, purl one, knit 
one, over, narrow, purl seventeen, over twice, purl two together, knit one. 

11. Knit two, over twice, purl two together, narrow, over, knit five, 
over, slip one, narrow,* throw slipped stitch over, over, knit five, over, 
sL'p one, knit one, throw slipped stitch over, knit one, over, narrow, knit 
ten. 

12. Bind oif eight stitches, knit two, over, narrow, purl seventeen, 
over twice, purl two together, knit two. Repeat. 

VIII. — PKETTY LACE. 

Cast on sixteen stitches. Knit across plain. 

1. Slip one, knit one, purl five, over, purl two together, purl one, over, 
purl two together, over, purl two together, over, and purl the two stitches 
each one alone. 

2. Slip one, knit three, over, narrow, knit three, leave the two stitckes 
on the left hand needle, turn. 

3. Purl five, over, purl two together, purl two, over, purl two together, 
over, purl two together, over, purl the two stitches each one by itself. 

4. Slip one, knit ten, over, narrow, knit three, leave the two stitches 
on the left hand needle, turn. 

5. Purl five, over, purl two together, purl three, over, purl two 
together, over, purl two together, over, purl each stitch alone. 

6. Slip one, knit eleven, over, narrow, knit five. 

7. Slip one, knit one, purl five, over, purl two together, purl four, 
over, purl two together, over, purl two together, over, purl each one 
of the stitches alone. 

8. Slip one, knit twelve, over, narrow, knit three, turn and go back. 

9. Purl five, over, purl two together, purl eleven. 

10. Bind off four stitches, knit eight, over, narrow, knit five. 

11. Slip one, knit six, over, narrow, knit one, over, narrow, over, nar- 
row, over, knit two. 

12. Slip one, purl nine, over, purl two together, purl three, turn and 
go back. 

13. Knit five, over, narrow, knit two, over, narrow, over, narrow, over, 
knit two. 



WHAT SHALL IT WEAR. 23 

14. Slip one, purl ten, over, purl two together, purl three, purl and 
go back. 

15. Knit five, over, narrow, knit three, over, narrow, over, narrow, 
over, knit two. 

16. Slip one, 2:)uil eleven, over, purl two together, purl five. 

IT. Slip one, knit six, over, narrow, knit four, over, narrow, over, 
narrow, over, knit two. 

18. Slip one, purl twelve, over, purl two together, purl three, turn 
and go back. 

19. Knit five, over, narrow, knit one. 

20. Bind off four stitches, purl eight, over, purl two together, purl 
five. 

Repeat from first row. 

IX. — SHELL LACE INSERTION. 

Cast on fourteen stitches. 

1. Knit two, over twice, narrow, over twice, narrow, over twice, knit 
three together, over twice, narrow, over twice, narrow, knit one. 

2. Knit three, purl one, knit two, purl one, knit two, purl one, knit 
two, purl one, knit two, purl one, knit two, 

3 and 4. Plain. 

5. Knit two, over twice, narrow, over twice, narrow, knit two, nar- 
row, knit two, narrow, over twice, narrow, over twice, knit two. 

6. Knit three, purl one, knit two, purl one, knit eight, purl one, knit 
two, purl one, knit two. 

7 and 8. Plain. 

9. Knit two, over twice, narrow twice, knit nine, narrow twice, over 
twice, knit two. 

10. Knit three, purl one, knit fourteen, purl one, knit two. 

11. Plain. 

12. Knit ten, slip three stitches over the first stitch on the right hand 
needle, then knit one and slip it back on to the left hand needle, and slip 
three stitches over it, now slip it back on the right hand needle and knit 
seven. 

13. Knit seven, narrow, knit six. 
14 Plain. 




UPE RIO R NUTRITION 

THE LI FE - %^ \ 



Pf^EeioJs 3oo^f to 

^Hf^oriie DyspEPTies. 

iMeor^TiNldED FtVEf^S. 

Ji ^ELiy^BLE Remedial 
\>\c,EhlT iM;\LL Diseases or 

THE SlOI^lAerfAtlQlNTESTIflES. 




Frepa > aUon ever offt i cd 
^ [^■'^^for bale has been moie 
«n cSaUy prepa) ed and tho) onghUj fe'^ted, 
nor has met with a more welcome recep 
Hon and universal approval, or afforde 
more relief to invalids or to yoking and 
suffering children and aged persons 
Thif has been confirmed by thotisands of, 
testimonials from chemists, physicians, 
/n /^heads of f amities and the 



\k 



JOHN CARLE & SONS New YorKl 




^%\] ''has ATTAINED ^ts^ 
SftJiy SAFEST AUO »-< 



S. A. STVIIXH & CO., 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



GHILDREMS' • GARRlAEEiS 

AND TOYS, 

219 NORTH THIRD STREET, 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 




Ask your Dealer for our Goods, and if he does not keep them, Cata- 
logues and Prices will be mailed on application. 



24 OUR baby; 

WASTE OF INFANT LIFE. 
By Dn. J. H. Hanafokd. 

There is a havoc among the babes, particularly in civilized life, per- 
haps, which would startle any community, if connected with the young 
of the domestic animals. While it is unnatural for the child to die 
before the parents, we may reasonably expect some exceptions, though it 
is perfectly astounding that so large a proportion of the human family 
should die in childhood. The following facts are suggestive of our fallen 
nature, and should startle us, leading to such investigations as will result 
in a much needed reform in the entire management of the young, who, 
at present, are not treated as humanely as are the young of the animals 
around us. 

" Probably one-third of tlie human race have died in infancy ; many 
of them by murderous hands, and many more from neglect, cruelty, or 
ignorance ; but myriads of innocent children, whom Death has piled up 
in mountains of mortality as monuments of his reign, have been victims 
of disease which might have been averted by wholesome sanitary condi- 
tions, good medical treatment, and enlightened parental care." — Ci/rus 
Buott. 

It is laid down by Quetelet that *' a tenth of the children born die in 
the first month after birth, and one-quarter before the year is completed." 
In England the number of children that die under one year old is in the 
ratio of one to every twelve births, while in London alone it is one in 
eleven. 

" In London, twenty per cent, or just a fifth of all the deaths in the 
year, are among infants of less than at welve-month old. Again, nearly 
forty-one per cent, of all the deaths are among children of less than fivo 
years old; and as children up to this age constitute about one-tenth pa.-t, 
of the population of the city, it is manifest that they die at the rate of 
about ten per cent. In fact, in the western division of the city, the ratio 
is nearly fourteen. It is this large mortality of children that sivells the 
death rate.— London Times.'" 

■ Lieblg says, "It is no mistake, but a fact, that the usual farinaceous 
foods are the causes of most of the diseases, and of half the cases of death 
among all the babes, in the country as well as in all large towns." 

Zimmermann says, " I know very well that millions of infants are fed 
with pap, but I know also that it has killed many hundreds of thousands 
of them." 

Dr. Eustace Smith, author of '' The Wasting Diseases of Infants and 
Children," and one of the best authorities on the treatment of infants, 



WHAT SHALT, IT AVEAR. 25 

says, " There is another class of cases where nutrition is equally unsatis- 
factory, although the supply of food, as food, is liberal enough. These 
cases occur where weaning is premature, or where the child has been 
brought up by hand, and the kind of food chosen to replace the natural 
nourishment is injudiciously selected, so that the limited digestive power 
of the child is unable to convert it into material necessary for the growth 
and development of the tissues. Here the diet substituted for the 
mother's milk, although nutritious enough in itself, yet supplies little 
nutriment to the infant. A child is not nourished in proportion to the 
bulk of the food he receives into his stomach. He is only nourished by 
the food he can digest. Weakness in a child otherwise healthy, while it 
shows a deficient degree of nutrition, and therefore calls for an increased 
supply of nourishment, yet at the same time calls for increased care in 
tlie selection of the kind of food. There is a difference between food and 
nourishment. ' ' 

It is folly to suppose that simply feeding a child, cramming its stomach 
with food, wholesome or otherwise, is the equivalent of nourishing it, 
giving it health, strength, endurance, vitality, and preparing it to resist 
the attacks of disease. To nourish, food must be digested, changed to 
good blood, then wonderfully transformed into every part of the human 
body. The process of digestion, like any other labor, is exhausting, 
Wasting vital force, which will account for the fact that some persons 
after liaving eaten a heavy meal just before retiring, wliicli cannot be 
digested without great effort, are more fatigued in the morning than at 
night, the stomach having been severely taxed during the night, so much 
so as to rob the victim of needed sleep and rest. Indeed, it is possible to 
take masses of indigestible food, more or less nourishing, tlie effort to 
digest which will exhaust nearly or quite as much as such food would 
nourish, if properly digested. Eating too much, particularly of food 
difficult of digestion, may be as unfavorable to health, as wasteful of 
vital energies, as fasting, or an insufficient supply of food. We may 
nearly or quite starve from excessive eating, since the digestive organs 
may be reduced to such a state that they will be unable to dispose of suf- 
ficient food to sustain life. 

The more prominent errors are, 1. Feeding too much. 2. Feeding 
too often. 3. Giving food entirely inappropriate to the infant stomach. 

First, if we remember that the stomach, at birth, has only the capacity 
of about a gill, we shall see that only a small amount of food should he 
given at once, lest this organ shall become abnormally enlarged, deranged 
and its powers wasted, preparing the way for dyspepsia, in after years, 
with the whole train of digestive diseases, liver weaknesses, bowel 



26 OUR BABY ; • • 

derangements, croup, diplitlieria, etc. It is indeed fortunate that there 
is relief for the overloaded stomach, in vomiting, which the habe seems 
to do with more ease than the adult, the presence of improper food, or an 
excess se j .ring relief with the prevention of more serious results. Second- 
ly. As ordinary milk, the natural food for babes, is digested in little over 
two hours, and, as rest is absolutely necessary, as much so as for the brain, 
muscles, etc. , feeding a babe once in three hours is deemed sufficient, allow- 
ing seven good meals each day, not as often during the night. Indeed, one 
meal during the night, four hours before the morning meal, which may be 
taken at six, will prove sufficient for ordinary babes, allowing the child and 
mother sound and refreshing sleep, a matter of great importance; partic- 
ularly for the mother, who cannot secure too much sleep. Nor is this 
necessary for any great length of time, the babe not needing it after it is 
five months of age, if, indeed, it is needful for half of that time. If the 
babe is allowed to "constantly drag at the breast," during most of the 
night, both it and the mother must suffer, both needing more sleep and 
rest than they usually secure. A babe accustomed to one meal at night, 
will perhaps cry a few times, when not allowed it, but such crying never 
proves fatal, while improper feeding has slain its millions ! Indeed, cry- 
ing, particularly in early infancy, is intended for exercise, that kind to 
be allowed. Hence, the folly of far too many mothers, who, when the 
babe cries, offer the breast, with no possible regard to the wants, to hun- 
ger, though the crying may have been caused by pain in the stomach or 
bowels, the results of false feeding. Babes often cry — their most 
expressive language — from thirst, when simple water is called for, and 
which should be often offered, as it can do no harm, only a little being 
taken, when there is no special thirst. Coldness, or too great heat, pain 
of any kind, the prick of a pin, etc., should never be regarded as hunger, 
never treated as such. But still more absurd, and usual, is the custom 
of putting the babe to the breast in the case of accident, an injury, to 
arrest the crying, which should not be arrested, as it affords relief. Par- 
ticularly is this custom absurd and dangerous when the injury is 
connected with the head, when the brain has received a concussion, just 
to that extent impairing digestion. We should be convinced of this by 
the fact that such accidents almost always produce vomiting, thus show- 
ing that the stomach needs rest, that the vital and recuperative forces 
should be in no sense taxed, but allowed to concentrate all their powers, 
doing their very best to counteract the effects of the injury. Food taken 
at such times not only cannot be digested, but must confuse and derange, 
sadly interfering with nature's recuperative offices, since no food can 
digest while the system is in an excited state, needing every force to aid 



WHAT SHALT. IT WKAR. 27 

in the removal of the results of the injury. Instead, when the head lias 
been severely jarred, it should be wrapped in several thicknesses of wet 
cloths, slightly covered with dry ones, the babe allowed to rest in every 
respect to fast, and to sleep as long as nature suggests, so long as such 
sleep seems refresh in;j. 

The use of improper foods is still another evil, if possible the source of 
more serious harm. To imderstand the full import of this, let it be 
remembered that, since the mother's milk, the natural food of the babe, 
contains no starch, there is no occasion for that product called cZ/a.s'^ase, 
in the saliva, which digests starch, changing it to grape sugar, in the 
process of digestion, as nature furnishes nothing of this kind when it is 
not needed. While this is in the saliva of the adult, ahvays, it is not 
found in that of the babe till about the time of the appearance of several 
teeth, which indicates the impropriety of using any form of solid food, 
such as may contain starch, as the grains, the potato, beans, peas, arrow- 
root, etc. Of course, without this digestive ferment, many of the articles 
of food given to babes is undigested, remaining in the stomach and 
bowels as irritants, fermenting, rotting, contaminating the whole body. 
This is much aggravated when these foods are rendered still more diffi- 
cult of digestion by false methods of cooking, combining the grain 
product with grease and the irritating condiments, the worst of these 
articles being lard, almost putrescent, — in this way preparing food, if 
food it may be called, which even adults with good digestive powers can- 
not long use, to any great extent, without becoming more or less dyspep- 
tic. It is very plain that babes, with weak digestive powers, cannot 
digest such rich pastry, even if supplied with the diastase in their saliva 
for that purpose. The use of rice, therefore, very easy of digestion in 
the adult stomach, must be condemned as food for the babe, simply 
because it is rich in starch — nearly all starch — which cannot be digested 
without the aid of this diastase. 

The same remark applies, on account of the presence of starch, to 
arrow-root — still more starchy, the common potato, white bread, all of 
t!ie products of fine flour, corn starch, tapioca, sago, and similar articles, 
even when prepared in the most simple manner. Of course, infants fed 
in this way cannot thrive, but will be the victims of various forms of 
bowel derangement, including Cholera Infantum^ such undigested food 
irritating the coats of the stomach and bowels, nature throwing of the 
offending mass of putrefying refuse in the most direct way, attended 
more or less by inflammation and disease, the bowels becoming diseased 
by continued abuse. What can be done to avert these well known evils? 
More knowledge is demanded, that young mothers may better understand 



28 ouK baby; • • 

what diet is needed for the babe, under the varied circumstances in which 
it is placed. Indeed, tlie mother needs to be trained, prepared for her 
very responsible position, as certainly as does the dressmaker, the teacher, 
the clerr;nian, the physician, since very few persons can occupy a more 
responsible position. No one would employ a milliner who knows no'ihing 
of her business, yet the spoiling of a bonnet is in no sense comparable with 
ruining the health and constitution of a babe, by wrong habits of feeding. 

A mother should understand, 1, The relative values of the different 
foods, 2, Their time of digestion, 3, Those apx)ropriate for babes, knowl- 
edge which is as easily obtained as much with which too many of the 
minds of the young are s^pred. It is unquestionably true that the milk 
of the mother, if one is in health, is the natural food of her babe, and 
that it is her duty to nurse her child if both thrive, as certainly as it is to 
educate such a child, at home and in the schools. That is indeed a false 
pride, an erroneous idea of the design of mortal life, or of the duties of 
maternity, with its sacred privileges which induces one to shrink from, or 
to disdain to f unish natural food for the pledge of conjugal affection. She 
is unworthy of the position of a mother who is unwilling to nurse her 
infant. But there are circumstances in which it is not wise for a mother 
to nurse her child ; as when it does not thrive, when it is plain that it 
does not receive the necessary nourishment, or w-hen the mother is too 
much exhausted and it is evident that her health is being impaired. In 
such a case, it is plain that it is the duty to wean it, substituting some 
other food. The choice will generally be between the usual food of the 
table, some preparation of milk, or the artificial foods in the market. In 
regard to those of the table, I will simply say, so far as the babes are 
concerned, away with the sponge cake, the pies, the custard cups, the 
doughnuts, all articles in which lard enters, the potato and other starchy 
foods, for none are fit for the babe. 

It must also be remembered that common milk differs widely from that 
of the human mother, cow's milk being very much richer in caseine — 
quite difficult of digestion — more nourishing, stronger and while it is 
lacking in the sweetness, in contrast with that of the mother. 

The following table shows the comparative proportions of the compon- 
ent parts of woman's and cow's milk: — 

Water 

Sugar 

Casein 

Butter 

Salts 

1,000.00 1,000.00 



Woman's. 


Cow's. 


889.08 


864.06 


43.64 


38.03 


39.24 


55.15 


26.66 


36.12 


1.38 


6.64 



WHAT SHALL IT WEAR. 29 

It will be seen, by reference to the table, that cow's milk contains an 
excess of butter and casein over woman's milk, and at the same time a 
smaller proportion of sugar. 

If cow's milk be diluted with water so that the proportion of butter and 
casein will more nearly correspond with that of woman's milk, then the 
proportion of sugar becomes still less. 

Sugar is necessary for the production of bodily heat, the proper func- 
tions of the respiratory organs, the suitable constitution of the blood and 
its circulation; and since children are incapable of obtaining it from 
starch, it must be otherwise supplied. 

Of the several " Ijifant Foods " in the market, I must give the decided 
preference to Mellin's Food fou Infants and Invalids, after years 
of careful observation of its use and effects. 

It is scientifically prepared, as a substitute for the human mother's 
milk, and is worthy of universal approbation, is sufficiently nourishing 
for any babe, easy of digestion, bland, palateable — all that we can reas- 
onably desins It will be seen by the table that the mother's milk is 
sweeter than cow's milk, this sweetness to sustain the warmth and 
fatten; the grape sugar in this excellent food is a substitute for that in 
the mother's milk. While it is known that the bran of the grains con- 
tains a large per cent, of the phosphates, these are combined with the 
"Food," made soluble and assimilable by a peculiar process, very mate- 
rially aiding in the groAvth and development of the child. The starch 
has been transformed into dextrine and grape-sugar, by the diastase of 
the malt, the process being identical with that of digestion, in which the 
diastase of the saliva performs the same work. I am firmly of the opin- 
ion that the general use of this unsurpassed food would very materially 
diminish the sad waste of infant life of the present day, greatly lighten- 
ing the cares and labors of the mothers and those who have the principal 
care of the sick. 

1 confidently recommend its use in most forms of sickness — if any 
food is nee.led — particularly in CJwlera Infantum, when ordinary food 
generally proves so irritating as to much aggravate the disease. In such 
cases it is desirable to omit the milk — which requires digestion, substi- 
tuting wate;-, or barley-water, thus avoiding all irritants, beside allow- 
ing needed rest to the digestive organs. In substituting water we elimi- 
nate the cheese element, which so often proves too much for the debili- 
tated infant stomach, often causing vomiting, with serious derangements 
of the bowels. 

By observing the teachings of physiology and experience, Mellin's 
Food has been successfully prepared; and thousands of mothers, as well 



30 OUR baby; 

as the scientifically advanced members of the medical professior 
by this time entirely abandoned the old-fashioned farinaceous foods, and. 
availing themselves of Melliivt's are giving health and robust constitu- 
tions to their children and their patients. 



ANALYSIS OF MELLIN'S FOOD. 

Laboratory, 7 South Square, Gray's Inn, 
London, W. C, June 27, 1874. 
Sir : — In accordance with your letter of the 16th, I have carefully 
analyzed your " Food #f or Infants." Previous to mixing it with warm 
water and milk, I find it contains : — 

Moisture . . . . . , .3.2 

Grape Sugar . . . . . . .26.4 

Dextrine and Sugar-forming matters . . . 45.3 

Nitrogenous matters . . . . . .16.1 

Mineral Salts containing 0.47 per cent. Phosphoric Acid 2.6 

Residue insoluble in water . . . . .6.4 



100.0 
Every trace of starch had been either converted into grape-sugar, esti- 
mated by Fehling's copper test, or into matter readily transformable on 
the addition of warm milk and water. Half an hour after the " Food " 
had been mixed as directed, the percentage of grape-sugar rose to 38.5, 
and would, no doubt, have proceeded until the whole 71.7 had so 
changed by allowing longer time. This action is precisely what is 
required to render /oori suitable to young infants. The large amount of 
protein and soluble phosphates indicates ^es/i and bone forming nutri- 
ment of the highest type, while the extremely low percentage of residue 
insoluble in water, and the total absence of starch entirely obviate the 
objections .to other foods for infants previous to dentition. 

I am faithfully yours, 
Mr. G. Mellin. II. C. BARTLETT, Pii. D., F.C.S. 



^ 

^ 



DOBBINS 



5 ^ 

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iECTRIC * SOAP 

Is for sale everywhere, and has for twenty years been 
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I. L. CRAGIN 8c CO., Philadelphia, Pa. 



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